In the autumn of 1944, several experienced and established publishers received one joint permission to supply the legion and evacuated Latvians with books. Among them were Arvīds Mālītis, who managed Ansis Gulbis’ publishing house, Helmārs Rudzītis, the creator of the publishing house “Grāmatu draugs”, pastor Edgars Ķiploks, manager of the Latvian University Student Council bookstore, cartographer Pēteris Mantnieks and literary critic Jānis Kadilis. In 1947-1949 (first in Detmold, then in Esslingen) they published a yearbook three times under the label of “Latviešu apgādu kopas” (Latvian publishing house groups). It was difficult to obtain publication permits and paper, there were additional costs in non-national printing houses for special typefaces, composition of Latvian texts and proofreading. Fiction was widely published in Germany at this time. The range of books brought from the homeland was quite limited, so both original literature and translations were noticeably dominated by reprints. TThe publishing of calendars started in Latvia continued: Evangelical Lutheran Church Archbishop Teodors Grīnbergs” “Little Bee Calendar” (children’s publication), Vladislavs Ločs’ “Tāvu zemes Calendar” (Fatherland calendar) and Eduards Alainis’ “Tēvija Calendar” (Fatherland calendar). Most educational and scientific literature was reproduced from former editions. Two editions devoted to history, which were launched in 1948, were characteristic of the time of the camps. The first of them was the collection “Latvian Culture” edited by Arveds Švābe, which includes a selection of articles from the “Latvian Conversational Dictionary” (authors include Francis Balodis, Augusts Tentelis and Arnolds Spekke).On the other hand, the collection of papers of the conference of Latvian historians announced both a wider range of topics and several researchers (Edgars Andersons, Edgars Dunsdorfs) whose professional activity became particularly important and voluminous in the following decades. The three-volume collection of autobiographies “Exile Writers” (1948-1949) was of considerable importance. During the camps, the largest number of books was published by the Latvian Committee of Fischbach – from 1946 to 1949, 57 books were published. H. Rudzītis published 50 books, first in Esslingen, and later in Stuttgart, as well as the literary monthly “Laiks” (1946–1949) and the magazine “Laiks Bērniem” (1948–1949) intended for young readers. H. Rudzītis became the most productive exile publisher in Germany with a stable circle of authors and collaborators. Otto Kroll published a wide range of sheet music in Augsburg, while V. Locis in Munich took care of popularising the works of authors from Latgale.